In the past, Buddhist temples were important providers of education, and faith-based education still plays a significant role in Thailand. The expansive use of Thailand’s lèse-majesté laws and other draconian legislation, for example, has resulted in the jailing of student activists critical of the monarchy or Thailand’s new pro-military constitution. Far-reaching improvements in education are vital to overcoming this challenge and Thailand has invested heavily in modernizing its education system in recent years. Not very much is known about Thai students’ motivations to study abroad, but international educators attribute outbound mobility in Thailand to common push factors, such as an increasingly affluent middle class, which is driving demand for high-quality education, enrollment in prestigious international schools and foreign language training. ... 1.9 Well-developed public education system. It is not guaranteed that elections will indeed take place in 2018. (37.7 %, rank 71/75 , 2018) Download Indicator, The long term change in reading performance over the period of participation of Thailand in PISA shows one of the strongest decreases among PISA-participating countries and economies. Training in medical specialties requires an additional three to five years of graduate medical education, depending on the specialty. ESAs are administrative units responsible for hiring teachers and implementing policy at the local level. The Academic Year and Language of Instruction. Unsurprisingly, private education in Thailand is more prevalent among richer segments of society in urban areas, notably Bangkok, than among less affluent social groups in more rural areas. The country is divided into 76 administrative changwats, or provinces, the governors of which are appointed by the Interior Ministry in in Bangkok. Despite relatively high government spending on education since the military takeover in 2014, the military coup has interrupted important education reforms and led to a change in priorities, after the previous government had pursued changes designed to internationalize the Thai education system, such as a relaxation of visa rules to attract more foreign teachers, the harmonization of qualifications and credit systems with ASEAN partner countries, and an increase of English-language programs in Thailand. Other types of public universities include the so-called “Rajabhat Universities”, a group of institutions that originated as teacher training colleges, but now have university status and offer a variety of degree courses beyond teacher training, including doctoral programs in some cases. File photo: Students. This education profile describes recent trends in Thai education and student mobility, and provides an overview of the structure of the education system of Thailand. Bachelor’s degrees in standard academic disciplines are generally four years in length (120 credits). The vast majority of Thai students study at the undergraduate level. Royal elites have always had a strong influence on Thai politics, and the country remains a constitutional monarchy until today. These institutions are dedicated to the development of local communities. With the country’s growing integration into the world economy, Thailand has since the 19th century modernized its education system based on Western models, especially following the end of the absolute Thai monarchy in 1932. According to the National Statistics Office of Thailand, close to 3.4 million students took advantage of this type of education in 2016 at the elementary and secondary levels, compared to approximately 10.8 million students enrolled in formal basic education programs. Unlike other public universities, which receive funding based on the number of enrolled students, autonomous universities receive block grants from the government. As a result, even top universities like Thammasat University are currently considering downsizing their departments and programs. The country’s formal education system can be said to date to the late 13th century, when the Thai alphabet was developed under King Rakhamhaeng the Great. Rankings #26. That said, progress has stalled in recent years and observers have noted persisting quality problems in Thai education. The aristocracy was educated in Royal institutions of instruction, while commoners could receive an education at Buddhist monasteries. Since the mid-2000s, Thailand has had a formal licensing process that requires teachers to hold an educational qualification accredited by the Teachers’ Council of Thailand and have completed one year of in-service training at a school, at minimum. Economically, the political instability in Thailand has done little to assure foreign investors. Promotion to the next year is determined by examinations in each subject, with the standards to be met by pupils determined by the local school authorities. The duration of doctoral programs is typically three years at minimum. This trend is bound to accelerate, as Thailand is expected to have the world’s fastest-declining population of 18-to-22-year-olds in the years ahead, with the college-aged population anticipated to shrink by about 20 percent between 2012 and 2025, according to ICEF Monitor. These factors contribute to the fact that Thailand lags behind countries of similar level of economic development in the comparative international OECD “Programme for International Student Assessment” (PISA). Trends in Participation in Elementary and Secondary Education. The Thai armed forces overthrew the democratically elected government and established a military junta under General Prayuth Chan-ocha, which continues to run the country four years later, despite promises of new democratic elections. The university admissions process in Thailand has undergone a number of changes in recent years, but is generally based on both the upper-secondary school GPA and results in standardized entrance examinations. A draft Thai NQF was approved by the government in 2014, but has not yet been fully implemented. Choosing where to study for a degree in Thailand is one of the biggest decisions you will ever make. There are also two Open Universities, Ramkhamhaeng University and Sukhothai Thammathirat Open University, which are large public universities that account for a considerable share of Thailand’s student enrollments and offer programs on various campuses throughout the country, as well as distance education programs. 3,651,613 (2010) Secondary. The number of collaborative programs between Thai and foreign higher education institutions is on the rise, and governments have emphasized internationalization of the Thai education system in recent years. 50% are not taught in the language spoken at home. Immigrant students scored 30 points lower than non-immigrant students, on average across OECD countries/economies. The most common admission requirement is the Certificate of Secondary Education, but there are alternative entry pathways based on previous qualifications, such as an associate degree or a diploma. Overall, 75 percent of eligible youth were enrolled in upper-secondary school programs in 2013. Between 2011 and 2016, Thailand’s research output, as measured by journal publications, increased by 20 percent, with Mahidol University, Chulalongkorn University and Chiang Mai University being the most prolific contributors. The test covers the main subjects of the Basic Education Core Curriculum (Thai language, mathematics, science, social studies, religion and culture and foreign languages). uniRank tries to answer this question by publishing the 2021 Thai University Ranking of 124 Thai higher-education institutions meeting the following uniRank selection criteria: . [1] OECD/UNESCO (2016), Education in Thailand: An OECD-UNESCO Perspective, Reviews of National Policies for Education, OECD Publishing, Paris, p. 19. As in clinical medicine, the dentistry curriculum combines theoretical instruction and clinical training. The formal minimum admission requirement for lower-secondary education is the completion of elementary schooling and the completion of lower-secondary education for upper-secondary programs, respectively. Thai students are enrolled in undergraduate and graduate programs in equal parts. The U.S. has historically been the preferred study destination of mobile Thai degree students, and presently continues to be the most popular destination country, accounting for 25 percent of enrollments abroad in 2016 (7,052 students), according to the UIS. Recent initiatives, such as the “National Research University Initiative and Research Promotion in Higher Education Project”, designed to strengthen Thailand’s national research universities and develop them into world class institutions, however, appear to be gaining traction. Subscribe to WENR, and discover other tools and publications. Primary Education. There were 185 ESAs in 2008, each of them responsible for approximately 200 education institutions and 300,000 to 500,000 students. being chartered, licensed or accredited by the appropriate Thai higher education-related organization Thailand has 17 universities in the overall Times Higher Education World University Rankings. Thailand is not only a “land of smiles”, but also a “land of military coups”: it is amongst the world’s countries with the most military coups in recent history. Education at public schools is free of charge until grade 9. Master’s degrees are classified as research degrees (Master of Arts and Master of Science) and professional degrees, such as the Master of Business Administration, Master of Engineering or Master of Education. In the formal sector, students can pursue VET in vocational certificate and diploma programs at colleges or universities. However, despite years of massive investment, Thailand still ranks far behind its competitors when it comes to test scores and rankings. There are a variety of different types of HEIs in Thailand, including multi-disciplinary research universities, specialized institutions (Buddhist universities, nursing colleges, or military academies) and community colleges offering short-term programs and vocational training courses. Boys' performance in reading is one of the lowest among PISA-participating countries and economies. 2018. Beyond that, admission criteria for both lower and upper secondary education vary, but frequently include entrance examinations or lottery systems at schools with high demand. Informal education does generally not articulate into formal education programs. The growing influx of international visitors into Thailand comes despite the fact that the country continues to be marred by political instability, intermittent military dictatorship, human rights abuses and civil war. Despite the political instability and lack of a strong governmental strategy to promote internationalization, collaborations between Thai and foreign universities has grown robustly in recent years, with the number of joint degree programs with foreign universities, for example, increasing from 92 in 2011 to 159 in 2013 alone. Unsurprisingly, the climate of political repression curtails academic freedom and causes Thai academics to work under the constant threat of surveillance, political reprisal and arrest. 1,695,223 (2010) Post secondary. In an increasingly competitive environment in which students have more choices, expensive, tuition-funded private institutions are more vulnerable to shifts in demand than public institutions, which can rely on public funding, even though there are also a number of private schools at the secondary level, such as Buddhist and Islamic faith-based schools, which receive public subsidies and per-pupil premiums from the government. It delineates 9 levels of education, from lower-secondary to doctoral education, somewhat similar to the system of education in the United States. Thai governments have in recent years tried to increase enrollments in secondary vocational education and training (VET) in an attempt to develop manpower and upskill the labor force outside of university education. Overall, university admissions have become less competitive in recent years, due to the dwindling number of students. (-4 PISA Score, rank 22/29 , 2018) Download Indicator, The change in reading performance between 2015 and 2018 shows one of the strongest decreases among PISA-participating countries and economies. Category Rank Score. Islamic schools, likewise, exist for Muslim Malays and other Muslim minorities. Those preparing to teach at the secondary level specialize in a particular subject area. (206 PISA Score, rank 69/76 , 2018) Download Indicator, The percentage of low-performing boys in reading (below proficiency Level 2) is one of the highest among PISA-participating countries and economies. In the 2015 test, Thailand ranked 54th out of 70 countries, below the OECD average, as well as far behind high-performing Vietnam. Private universities, meanwhile, can admit students based on alternative criteria. Recent reforms include, for instance, changes in school curricula to incorporate “12 values” promulgated by Prime Minister Prayuth Chan-ocha, such as “correctly understanding democracy with the monarchy as head of the state, discipline and respect for the law and elders”. (86.2 %, rank 9/78 , 2018) Download Indicator, Thailand has one the largest share of students in schools whose principal agreed or strongly agreed with the statement 'An effective online learning support platform is available'. 12. In light of this trend, it is important that Thailand stimulates immigration and upskills its labor force. (11.5 %, rank 9/72 , 2018) Download Indicator, A small percentage of 15-year-old students never atttended or attended briefly pre-primary school What are the most popular Universities in Thailand? This article replaces an older version by Nick Clark. In addition to taking general pedagogical courses, students specialize in teaching a particular level or mode of education (such as elementary education or special education). (372 PISA Score, rank 67/76 , 2018) Download Indicator, The score difference in reading between the 10% of students with the highest scores and the 10% of students with the lowest scores is one of the smallest among PISA-participating countries and economies. After the government of Yingluck Shinawatra tried to intensify peace negotiations, the military junta has adopted a more intransigent stance. Thailand’s economy is projected to grow by 3.1 percent in 2018, whereas the economies of Indonesia, the Philippines, Vietnam and Cambodia, are expected to grow by 4.2 percent, 4.9 percent, and 5.7 percent, respectively. Programs usually include four years of coursework and one year of practice teaching. A number of options exist for the transfer and recognition of study and occupational training from both the formal and non-formal sectors. The share of Thai people above the age of 65 has increased from 5 percent in 1995 to 11 percent in 2016, and is projected to reach more than a quarter of the population, or about 17 million people, by 2040. But the road to education reforms in Thailand has been rocky, as demonstrated by the fact that the country had no fewer than 20 different education ministers over the past 17 years. Thailand | Ranking Web of Universities: Webometrics ranks 30000 institutions. Survey of Adult Skills (PIAAC): Full selection of indicators, Demographic, social & economic indicators, School leader preparation and development, Diagram of education system in country language, General methodological notes for ISCED diagrams, PISA 2018 Assessment and Analytical Framework, PISA 2018 Results (Volume I): What Students Know and Can Do, Education policies: Socio-economic status, Education policies: Student engagement and motivation, Education policies: Learning time & Disciplinary climate, Education policies: Organisation and Governance, http://www.oecd.org/about/membersandpartners/, Overview of the education system (EAG 2020), Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2012), Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018), Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2015), ECEC staff, leaders and their working conditions (Starting Strong Survey 2018), Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2018), Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2017), Student performance in Beijing, Shanghai, Jiangsu and Zhejiang (PISA 2018). Over the past decades, the Southeast Asian country of 68,147 million (2016, UN), has become one of the world’s top tourism destinations, hosting 32.6 million international visitors in 2016. Likewise, Thailand ranked just 50 out of 65 in the latest PISA test score 2009 (the latest list), placed right at the top of the poorest performers in the bottom 25 per cent. These programs usually don’t have formal academic admission requirements and create lifelong learning opportunities throughout the country. 14. Higher education enrollments dropped by about 9 percent as well, from 2.56 million to 2.32 million students. List of 136 Best Schools in Thailand (2021 Fees) Known for tropical beaches, opulent royal palaces, ancient ruins, and ornate temples, Thailand is a constitutional monarchy with a population of 68.86 million (2016). The difference between girls' and boys' in mathematics performance is among the highest compared to other countries and economies participating in PISA. (18.7 %, rank 74/76 , 2018) Download Indicator, Students in Thailand perceived their teachers as being very enthusiastic compared to other PISA-participating countries and economies. The Ministry of Education’s Strategic Action Plan 2005-2008, for instance, sought to increase enrollments in vocational programs to 50 percent of all upper-secondary enrollments. Mahidol University ranked at position 245 in the 2018 QS Ranking, Chulalongkorn University at position 334 in QS and position 401-500 in the 2017 Shanghai Ranking, while no Thai universities were included among the top 500 in the 2018 Times Higher Education World University Ranking. Thailand. The country’s outbound student mobility rate among degree seeking students has remained largely flat over the past 17 years and ranged from 1.2 percent in 1999 to 1.1 percent in 2006 and 1.3 percent in 2015 (UNESCO Institute of Statistics – UIS), whereas Vietnam’s outbound rate increased fro… That said, the system has over the past decades emphasized examinations, with high school performance usually playing a comparatively minor role in admissions. Unsurprisingly, growing demand for education brought about a number of changes in the HEI landscape, such as the merger of smaller colleges into larger universities and the emergence of private HEIs, mostly since the 1980s. The number of students in Thai higher education exploded from less than 130,000 students in the early 1970s to more than 2.5 million in 2012. The internationalization of higher education is as evident in Thailand as it is in neighboring countries and around the world. Compulsory education ends with Mattayom 3 (grade 9), after which pupils can pursue upper-secondary education in a general academic, university-preparatory track, or continue their studies in more employment-geared vocational school programs (discussed below). In upper-secondary education, the share of private sector enrollments dropped from 20.2 percent in 2013 to 11.3 percent in 2015 (UIS), whereas enrollments at private higher education institutions have, thus far, been more stable and stood at 17 percent in 2015, compared to a high of 21 percent in 1999. The language of instruction is generally Thai, with the exception of a small number of private institutions and international study programs that use English as a medium of instruction. According to the latest data provided by the National Statistics Office of Thailand, the number of upper-secondary students, for instance, dropped by more than 9 percent between 2012 and 2016, from 2.14 million to 1.94 million students. (-0.55 PISA Index, rank 63/63 , 2018) Download Indicator, In 2018, the index of students' cognitive adaptability in Thailand was one of the lowest among PISA-participating countries and economies. (7.5 Number, rank 5/63 , 2018) Download Indicator. Holders of associate degrees with high enough grades may be granted exemptions of up to two years when continuing their studies in bachelor’s programs. School-based programs at vocational upper secondary schools are most commonly three years in length and lead to the award of a Certificate in Vocational Education, a credential which may also serve as an admission requirement to post-secondary education. If institutions fail to rectify identified quality problems within a specified period of time, they are subject to closure. Human Rights Watch observed in 2017 that the military government continued its “crackdown on basic rights and freedoms, and devised a quasi-democratic system that the military can manipulate and control (….) Mobile Thai students are mostly self-funded – a fact that bodes well for a sustained outflow of students if the Thai economy continues to stabilize. Children are enrolled in elementary school from the age of six and attend for six years (Prathom 1 to Prathom 6.)
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