Complete Bhakti and Sufi Movement in India - UPSC, IAS UPSC Video | EduRev chapter (including extra questions, long questions, short questions) can be found His commentary on the Bhagavad Gita called Jnanesvari served as a foundation of the bhakti ideology in Maharashtra. • He denounced the caste system and the inequality it caused. By building a syncretic medieval culture tolerant and appreciative of non-Muslims, Sufi saints contributed to a growth of stability, vernacular literature, and devotional music in India. • Sankaracharya’s ‘Brahman’ is not really different from the concept of ‘nirvana’ of Mahayana Buddhism. • Nirguna bhakti and not saguna bhakti was what they believed in. • He laid stress on concepts of justice, righteousness and liberty. Arguing against caste distinctions he believed that the only way to attain God was through Bhakti. • It was believed that the spirit of the guru did not pass onto any successor but instead remained within “ShriGurugranth Sahib”. Bhakti and Sufi Movement in India - UPSC, IAS UPSC Video | EduRev video for UPSC is made by best teachers who have written some of the best • Through regional languages they made direct appeal to the masses. Chaitanya was a popular bhakti saint from the region; he was looked upon as an avatara of Krishna. • There developed a number of Sufi orders of silsilah in and outside India. So Manifest aims to convert this aspiration into reality and give sufficient content for this section. Discuss the salient features of the Sufi Movement in medieval India. Why this question? • His grave was visited by Muhammad Tughlaq after which the mosque and dome were erected by Mahmud Khalji of Malwa in the fifteenth century. Sufism, mystical Islamic belief and practice in which Muslims seek the truth of divine love and knowledge through direct personal experience of God. • He opposed the listening of sama (religious music) and the practice of pilgrimage to the tombs of saints. Topic : Indian culture will cover the salient aspects of Art Forms, literature and Architecture from ancient to modern times. • Sufism or tasawuf is the name for various mystical and movements in Islam. BHAKTI SUFI MOVEMENT MEDIEVAL INDIA. • BahauddinZakariya was critical of Qubacha and openly favored Iltutmish over his rival. After his death the silsilah continued to play an important role in Punjab and Sindh. In commemoration of Sardar Ajit Singh , who started the Turban Handle Movement in the year 1907 , the United Kisan Morcha (SKM) celebrated 23 February 2021 as Turban Handle Day .. Sardar Ajit Singh. Therefore, God, soul, matter are real. You can download Free Bhakti and Sufi Movement in India - UPSC, IAS UPSC Video | EduRev pdf from • Guru Nanak in his last days had nominated a successor and paid homage to him, this gave rise to the idea that the Guru and the Sikh were interchangeable. • The importance of women in society was also increased because the bhakti movement gave equal importance to them. • The idea of Guru Panth was another institutional idea that emerged during this period. Also know about women saints of Bhakti Movement. • QutbuddinBakhtiyar Kaki presence in Delhi was a threat to the Suhrawardis who sought to force him to leave by leveling charges against him. • The synthesis between different cultures gave birth to new philosophical and religious traditions, ideas. • Practices like bowing before the sheikh, presenting water to visitors and tonsuring the head at the time of initiation into the Order that the Chishtis had adopted were rejected. Sufis turned to asceticism and mysticism in protest against the growing materialism of… • One of the most authentic and celebrated manual of sufism was KashfulMahjub written by Al-Hujwiri. They had adopted the notion of bhakti from Vaishnavaism but they gave it a nirguna orientation. Sufis turned to asceticism and mysticism in protest against the growing materialism of… Thereafter every Sikh was to have a direct link with the Guru. He lived in the fourteenth century, during a period of political change and turmoil. Many people were uneasy with such ideas and turned to the teachings of the Buddha or the Jainas according to which it was possible to overcome social differences and break the cycle of rebirth through personal effort. • s the caste system was condemned by the bhakti saints, the lower classes were raised to a position of great importance. • By the able use of arguments he reduced all the apparently self-contradicting passages of the Upanishads to a consistent system which has remained the standard of Hinduism to this day. • The mathas also began propagating and became the centre of Vedic religion. Sufism in India for UPSC civil services exam; Read more on the impact of Sufism in India and the history of Sufism in India; Principles of Sufism. He also advocated prabattimarga or path of self-surrender to God. of this page. • He maintained that the relationship between man and God was that between the slave and the master and not the relation of a lover and beloved. • Another salient feature of Sufism during this period was the emergence of Sufi poetry in Persian. For example, the monsticSankaracharya (mathas) which he established in the four corners of India served as an effective step towards the physical and spiritual unification of India. It established unity between Hindus & Muslims. • In the 12th century, Jayadeva was an important bhakti saint in this tradition. • They accepted disciples irrespective of their religious beliefs. • Among those who were influenced by Kabir were Raidas, who was a tanner by caste from Banaras, Guru Nanak who was a Khatri from Punjab and Dhanna who was a Jat peasant from Rajasthan. • According to RamanujaGod is Sagunabrahman. • The sufis featured on both sides, while there were those like the Chishtis who held a liberal view and argued in favour of assimilation of local traditions there were others like Sheikh Abdul Haqq of the Qadiriyyasilsilah who held the view that the purity of Islam was being diluted. • The Sufi movement in India commenced in the 11th century A.D. Al Hujwiri, who established himself in north India was buried in Lahore and regarded as the oldest Sufi in the sub-continent. selfstudyhistory.com The Islamic mysticism was known as Sufism. The exponents of this movement were unorthodox Muslim saints who had a deep study of vedantic philosophy and Buddhism of India. Before moving forward take a free mock test here to test the level of your preparation and get an idea of the questions being asked. • Shah Badakhshani another pir of this silsilah while dismissing orthodox elements, declared that, the infidel who had perceived reality and recognised it was a believer and that a believer who did not recognise reality was an infidel. Important Sufi saints. • The Nirguna’s like Kabir rejected the varnaashrama and all conventions based on caste distinction and championed new values, helping the emergence of new groups and new unorthodox/protestant sects. • He recognised the ascetic order of sanyasis on the pattern of Buddhist sangha and launched a campaign for the popularisation of Hinduism. To Study Bhakti and Sufi Movement in India - UPSC, IAS UPSC Video | EduRev for UPSC this is your one stop solution. • When Guru Gobind Singh created the Khalsa he chose the panjpiyare (the five beloved) and requested them to administer the pahul (amritchakhha) to him. The Sufi movement was a socio-religious movement of fourteenth to sixteenth century. • They rejected the authority of the Brahmans and attacked the caste system and practice of idolatry. This was accompanied with a change where some of the Chishtis began accepting grants and patronage from the ruling establishment. • Sufism also inculcated a spirit of tolerance among its followers. • The bases of the divine expression for him were formed by, the Sabad (the word), Guru (the divine precept) and Hukam (the divine order). Discuss the salient features of the Sufi Movement in medieval India. • He looked upon Ram and not Vishnu as the object of bhakti. ; The core concept of Sufi Movement is Darikh-i-Duniya / Wahad-ul-wahjud, meaning “ Universal Brotherhood ”. Khwaja Ali Hujjwiri (11th Century): Also known as Data Ganj Baksh, the earliest Sufi saint of eminence known to have settled in India, the author of the celebrated manual of Sufism entitled ‘Kashf-ul-Mahjub’. • Every religion gives rise to mystical tendencies in its fold at a particular stage of its evolution. God, soul, matter are unique in nature. The Sufi Movement in South Africa. • In the early 16 century Vallabacharya, a popular bhakti saint popularized the Krishna bhakti. Sufi and Bhakti Movement • The Medieval period is considered as an age of great cultural synthesis in India and during this period a new phase of cultural development was initiated. After going through this unit, you would be' able to learn about : the salient features of Sufism, e • Sankaracharya was a Nambudiri Brahman born in Kaladi, Malabar. • Among those who followed Vallabacharya’sfootsteps were Surdas and Mira Bai. • Mirabai was a great devotee of Krishna and she became popular in Rajasthan for her bhajans. Bhakti movement was based on the doctrine that the relationship between god and man is through love and worship rather than through performing any ritual or religious ceremonies. • He criticised the new status accorded by Akbar to many non-Muslims, the withdrawal of the Jizyah and the ban on cow slaughter. But there was opposition to the same as well. • The period marks the development of two parallel institutions in the Islamic world – the Madarasa system (seminary, higher religious school) in its new form as an official institution of orthodox Islamic learning and the Khanqah system as an organized, endowed an permanent centre for Sufi activities. • The Chishtipirs laid great emphasis on the simplicity of life, poverty, humility and selfless devotion to God. Tukaram’s teachings are in the form of the Avangas (dohas), which constitute the Gatha, while Eknath’s teachings that were in Marathi attempted to shift the emphasis of Marathi literature from spiritual to narrative compositions. • Tulsidas also championed the bhakti cause. • The bhakti movement in the north included socio-religious movements that were linked to one of the acharyas from the south and is sometimes seen as a continuation of the movement that originated in the south. • Sankaracharya renewed and systematised Vedanta philosophy by stressing on its main principle of monism (evalaadvaita or absolute non-dualism). The Khwaja is said to have maintained a strict policy of not involving himself with the various groups and factions of the Sultan’s court in Delhi earning him the respect of many. Give the reasons that led to the rise of Sufi movement in the country. D, ASM, TTE), Food Sub Inspector, WB Police, Gram Panchayat, Postal Assistant, Agriculture, Court, PSC, LIC, CMAT and all other State Level Public Service Commission exams. • The Deccan city of Bijapur emerged as an important centre for Sufi activity. • It aims at establishing direct communion between god and man through personal experience of mystery which lies within Islam. want Bhakti and Sufi Movement in India - UPSC, IAS UPSC Video | EduRev notes & Videos, you can search for the same too. Discuss the salient features of the Sufi Movement in medieval India. He played an active role in the political affairs of the period. • Sankaracharaya passed away at KedarNath at the age of 32. • The new idea of a life of charity and service to fellow people developed. • This Silsilah was founded by ShihabuddinSuhrawardi in Baghdad. • In the thirteenth century, Madhava from Kannada region propagated Dvaita or dualism of Jivatma and Paramatma. • The other important Chishti Baba FariduddinGanj-i-Shakar, established himself at Hansi (in Haryana) on the route between Multan and Lahore. on EduRev, you can check out UPSC lecture & lessons summary in the same course for UPSC Syllabus. • The impact of Ramanuja’s writings and his long service as priest of the famous Vishnu temple at Srinangam made his ideas widely known among the Vaishnavites and he is justly regarded as the founder of Srivashnavism. • Nanak evaluated and criticized the prevailing religious beliefs and attempted to establish a true religion, which could lead to salvation. • Though the Sikh guru’s stressed on equality the social differentiation among the followers continued. • Kabir was the earliest and most influential Bhakti saint in north India. • Other ideas emphasised by Sufism are meditation, good actions, repentance for sins, performance of prayers and pilgrimages, fasting, charity and suppression of passions by ascetic practices. • After the death of Guru Gobind Singh the tenth Guru the tradition of guru ended. Ltd. All Rights Reserved. • Their ideas seem to be a synthesis of the three traditions. If you • Chisti and the Suhrawardisilsilahs were popular during the Sultanate period. • The Vedantic Philosophy of Sankaracharya was revived by Vivekanand in the second half of the 19th century. • BahauddinZakariya stressed on the observance or external forms of religious belief and advocated a combination of ilm (scholarship) with mysticism. He invited the downtrodden to Vaishnavism. • Surdas popularized Krishna cult in north India. In this blog, we will be providing you the study notes on Social Movements which is important for UPSC EPFO EO Exam 2020. • The mathas, among many, included Jaganathpuri in the east, Sringeri in the South, Dwarka in the west and Badrinath in the north. • The pirs of this Order supported the concept of Wahdat al Wajud. • The Chishti presence in Delhi was established by QutbuddinBakhtiyar Kaki who settled in Delhi from his homeland in Trans-oxiana in 1221. • Sufi poetry in Persian in the form of narrative poems (mannavis) reached its peak during the 12th and 13th centuries. • The Chisti Order was established in India by MuinuddinChishti who moved to India after the invasion of Muizzuddin Muhammad Ghori and subsequently to Ajmer in 1206. • NizamuddinAuliya, was the best known Chishti saint of the Sultanate period. • It is a fact which was well recognised by his opponents who called him “crypto-Buddhist.” BHAKTI SUFI MOVEMENT MEDIEVAL INDIA. Love of God meant love of humanity and so the Sufis believed service to humanity was tantamount to service to God. Elaborate the statement highlighting, how they worked for communal harmony. In this course, the educator will be teaching about Bhakti and Sufi Movement • He like the monotheist bhakti saints also rejected cast hierarchies and preached in the local languages in his attempt to popularize the cult. • He worshiped Ram and Sita and came to be identified as the founder of the Ram cult in north India. Bhakti and Sufi movements brought a new form of religious expression amongst Muslims and Hindus. • The Chishtis believed in love as the bond between God and individual soul and tolerance between people of different faiths. They see the Indian religious very near and realized its values. Guru Gobind Singh is believed to have said that the Khalsa is his own roop (form). The creative process and all the objects in creation are real but not illusory as was held by Sankaracharya. The birth of bhakti movement in the Tamil country in 6 th century; Its flourished in south india for about three centuries under two wings i.e shavism & vaishnavism. • With this the difference between the Guru and the Khalsa was symbolically removed. But God is inner substance and the rest are his attributes. • The philosophy of Sankaracharya had far reaching consequences for the India society. Indian History Notes for UPSC IAS Exams. When this is accomplished all sufferings, birth and death cease. What is Sufi Movement? • The Quadiriyyasilsilah was popular in Punjab. • KhwajaMuinuddinChishti argued that highest form of devotion to God was to redress the misery of those in distress, fulfilling the need of the helpless and to feed the hungry. Bhakti Movement - Read about Sufism, Alwars, Nayanars. … • His poems were included in the Sikh scripture, the AdiGranth. • The Medieval period is considered as an age of great cultural synthesis in India and during this period a new phase of cultural development was initiated. • He was originally a worshiper of Shiva. • Al-Ghazzali was the most outstanding sufi author. • Moreover, there was a reaction against the Advaita concept of Nirgunabrahman (God without attributes) with the emergence of the idea of Sagunabrahman (God with attributes). It was only towards the end of the 17th century that Guru Gobind Singh reasserted the idea of equality. This was at the time of the Mongol invasions when there was a steady flow of people from central Asia fleeing from the Mongols. • The importance given to the personal experience of Bhakti saint with God was another common feature among the monotheistic bhakti saints. The Sufi movement what is socio religious movement of 14th to 16th century. • All of them were influenced by the Vaishnava concept of Bhakti, the Nathpanthi movement and Sufism. of chapter in the best manner. It sanctified the collective authority of the KhalsaPanth, which equated the Panth with the Guru. Jan 14, 2021 - Bhakti and Sufi Movement in India - UPSC, IAS UPSC Video | EduRev is made by best teachers of UPSC. While he is remembered in the north Indian monotheistic tradition as a nirguna saint, in Maharashtra he is considered to be part of the varkari tradition (the Vaishnava devotional tradition). • They composed their poems in popular languages and dialects spoken across north India which enabled them to transmit their ideas among the masses. The 10 th century A.D marks the important changes in the realm of ideas and beliefs in the Islamic religion - the rise of the Sufi mystic orders. • A genius by birth and intensely religious by outlook and social heritage, he received instruction in religious scriptures and philosophy at Kashi. • It was established in India by BahauddinZakariya who founded the Suhrawardi Order, based in Mutan, which was under the control of Qubacha. He also popularized the sankirtan (group devotional songs accompanied with ecstatic dancing). Sufi Movement in India: A Detailed Summary The term Sufi derived from Arabic word Safa which has two distinct meaning - One who wear woollen clothes; and Symbolises purity and sacredness. • Sheikh Abdul Qadir and his sons were supporters of the Mughals under Akbar. At the deepest level of meditation “nirvikalpasamadhi”, the complete identity between god and the individual is realized. Sufism - Sufism - History: Islamic mysticism had several stages of growth, including (1) the appearance of early asceticism, (2) the development of a classical mysticism of divine love, and (3) the rise and proliferation of fraternal orders of mystics. • Sankaracharya advocated the philosophy of “Advaita” the monism of the Vedanta by giving a brilliant exposition to the entire range of the Vedic religions and spiritual thought. 1B, Second Floor,Pusa Road, Karol Bagh,New Delhi - 110005(Beside Karol Bagh Metro Station Gate No. • There are numerous stories surrounding the life of NizamuddinAuliya, famous among them were stories of his confrontations with the Sultans of Delhi. • Sankaracharya was an orthodox Brahmin for whom the Vedic literature was sacred and unquestionably true. Do check out the sample questions of Bhakti and Sufi Movement in India - UPSC, IAS UPSC Video | EduRev for UPSC, the answers and examples explain the meaning • Various preachers spoke and wrote in the regional languages and thus, the bhakti movement provided an impetus for the development of regional languages such as Hindi, Marathi, Bengali, Kannada, etc. • Though he was from the south he lived in Banaras because he considered it to be the link between the South Indian bhakti and North Indian Vaishnava bhakti traditions. • Sheikh BaqiBillah the successor to KhawajaBahauddinNaqshbandi settled near Delhi, and his successor Shaikh Ahmad Sirhindi attempted to purge Islam from all liberal and what he believed were ‘un-Islamic’ practices.
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